In Cold Blood Death Penalty Essay Example For Students

Without blinking: Death Penalty Essay Without blinking: Death PenaltyCapital Punishment has been a piece of the criminal equity framework sincethe most punctual of times. The Babylonian Hammurabi Code(ca. 1700 B.C.) decreeddeath for violations as minor as the deceitful offer of beer(Flanders 3). Egyptianscould be executed for unveiling the area of sacrosanct burialsites(Flanders 3). In any case, as of late rivals have demonstrated the deathpenalty to be supremacist, brutal, and in infringement with the United StatesConstitution as unfeeling and unordinary discipline. In this country,although lawsgoverning the utilization of capital punishment have experienced numerous changessince scriptural occasions, the discipline suffers , and debate has never beengreater. A detainees demise wish can't allow a privilege not in any case had. Abolitionists keep up that the state has no option to murder anybody; . The rightto dismiss life detainment and pick passing ought to be regarded, however it changesnothing for the individuals who contradict the demise because of the state. Capital punishment is unreasonable a reality that should convey considerableweight with pragmatists. As Albert Camus brought up, Capitalpunishment.has consistently been a strict discipline and is reconcilable withhumanism. At the end of the day, society has since a long time ago abandoned the old andbarbous customs from the unfeeling tit for tat hostile to human caverns of religion-another factor that should raise prompt second thoughts for freethinkers. State killings are ethically bankrupt. For what reason do governments execute individuals toshow others that murdering individuals isn't right? Mankind becomes related withmurderers when it recreate their deeds. Would society permit assault as the penaltyfor assault or the consuming of fire playing criminals homes as the punishment for arson?The state ought to never have the ability to kill its subjects. To givethe express this force disposes of the people best shield againsttyranny of the greater part and is conflicting with fair standards. Loved ones of homicide casualties are additionally exploited by statekillings. Many pioneers in the abolishment development turned out to be involvedspecially on the grounds that somebody they cherished was killed. Group of casualties repeatedlystated they needed the killer to kick the bucket. One of the principle reasons also tojustice-was they needed all the exposure to be finished. However. on the off chance that it wasnt for thesensationalism encompassing an execution, the media presentation would not haveoccurred in any case. Killers would be discreetly and securely set aside forlife with positively no opportunities for parole. Capital punishment damages established forbiddances against crueland abnormal discipline. The bizarre slaughtering of Robert Harris by the state ofCalifornia on April 21,1992, and comparable reports of observers to hangings andlethal infusions should leave question that the perishing procedure can be-and regularly is - terribly obtuse, paying little heed to method(Flanders 16). Capital punishment is regularly utilized for political addition. During hispresidential gain, President Clinton surged home for the Arkansas execution ofRickey Ray Rector, an intellectually hindered, needy dark man. Clinton couldnttake the possibility of being seen by voters as delicate on wrongdoing. Political Analystsbelieve that when capital punishment turns into an issue in a crusade, thecandidate preferring the death penalty unavoidably will profit. The death penalty victimizes poor people. Despite the fact that murdererscome from all classes, those waiting for capital punishment are nearly no matter what poor andwere living in neediness at the they were captured. Most of death-rowinmates were or are spoken to by court-named open protectors and thestate isn't committed to give a lawyer at all to requests past thestate level. The utilization of the death penalty is supremacist. Around 40 percent ofdeath-line prisoners are dark, while just 8 percent of the populace as a wholeare black(Flanders 25). In cases with white casualties, dark respondents were fourto multiple times bound to get capital punishments than white litigants whohad comparable criminal chronicles. Studies show that the possibility for a deathsentence is dependent upon five to multiple times more noteworthy in cases with white casualties thanblack victims(Flanders 25). In the criminal equity framework, the life of a whiteperson is worth more than the life of an individual of color. Accomplishments of Agrippina the Younger EssayThe intellectually hindered are misled by capital punishment. Since 1989, at the point when the Supreme Court maintained murdering of the intellectually impeded, at any rate four such executions have happened. As indicated by the Southern Center for Human Rights, at any rate 10 percent of death row prisoners in the United States are intellectually retarded(Long 79). Adolescents are dependent upon capital punishment. Since state execution of adolescents likewise got passable in the choice refered to above, in any event five individuals .

Should you accept a counteroffer or leave your job

Should you acknowledge a counteroffer or find employment elsewhere In this way, you’re going to turn in your abdication letter to your (prospective ex) chief. You’ve done all the reasoning you have to do about your leave, correct? Not actually. At the point when you pull out, one of two things will probably occur: your manager will acknowledge your acquiescence and wish you well; or your supervisor will take your abdication and afterward return with a counteroffer to persuade you to remain. When would it be advisable for you to think about taking the counteroffer, and when would it be advisable for you to stand firm on your renunciation? You ought to consider tolerating the counteroffer if†¦It addresses the reasons you needed to leave in the first place. If your supervisor returns with a more significant pay or a re-adjusted expected set of responsibilities, consider whether this fulfills your longing to proceed onward. A few people investigate different occupations or organizations since they don’t figure their present p lace of employment will meet the following compensation level or line up with their subsequent stage profession objectives. In the event that you get the counteroffer and find that they are happy to work with you on these things, at that point consider staying.You were enlisted instead of looking for another gig. If you landed your glossy new position offer as the consequence of somebody moving toward you (as opposed to you attempting to escape from your present place of employment), a counteroffer can be an approach to make sure about a raise outside of the yearly audit process or get different concessions. In the event that you weren’t feeling unequivocally headed to leave in any case, it’s worth thinking about whether this â€Å"keep me† bundle will make things far superior to a new position would.You’re leaving for the most part since you think you should. If you’ve been at your present place of employment for a couple of years and feel lik e you ought to apply to shake things up and advance your profession, a counteroffer may accomplish indistinguishable outcomes from leaving-it’s an opportunity to do a little arrangement outside of the ordinary timetables. Does the counteroffer give you a more clear advancement way in the event that you stay where you are? Does it knock up your compensation in accordance with the bid for employment you’re holding, or even enhance it? In the event that you can exchange up without leaving, it’s worth considering the counteroffer.You feel approved by the counteroffer. Counteroffers are not guaranteed. At the point when you get one, it’s on the grounds that you give an incentive to the organization that they don’t need to lose without a battle (in a manner of speaking). In the event that you were looking somewhere else on the grounds that you felt overlooked, at that point this could be the approval you need. On the off chance that you choose to accep t your new position offer and proceed onward, you’ll be beginning the way toward substantiating yourself all over.Your gut says â€Å"stay.†Ã‚ Don’t think little of your own impulses here. On the off chance that that little voice in your mind is stating, â€Å"take it,† don’t tune it out.You ought to consider dismissing the counteroffer if†¦It feels like nearly nothing, too late. If you attempted futile to get an increase in salary a half year back and out of nowhere your manager is eager to make concessions, consider what that implies they weren’t ready to repay you until it got to the breaking point.The counteroffer doesn’t truly transform anything you’re attempting to escape. A counteroffer may toss more cash your direction, yet in the event that your activity obligations, chief, chances for progression, and so forth., remain the equivalent, is that satisfactory to you? On the off chance that somewhat more cash in y our check doesn’t feel beneficial contrasted with everything else you’d be focusing on the off chance that you remain, at that point consider rejecting.Your company’s culture or your supervisor makes you miserable. These are bigger issues that can’t fundamentally be settled with more cash or a knock in work title. On the off chance that you have bigger issues with your work environment that caused you start to feel around somewhere else, at that point the new position offer is probably going to be the best arrangement, paying little mind to the counteroffer.Your gut says â€Å"get out.†Ã‚ Again, tune in to your senses. A counteroffer might be enticing even with evolving employments, become more acquainted with another work environment, and begin once again. Notwithstanding, if there’s something keeping you from taking the counteroffer immediately, tune in to that voice.When you’re preparing to leave, it might appear as though your c hoice is as of now made-all things considered, you experienced the entire procedure to get employed elsewhere, correct? Be that as it may, don’t rush to expect that you should dismiss a counteroffer without a second thought. Set aside the effort to consider what it would intend to remain, and what you’ll be leaving in the event that you go.

Nishas Restaurant Review February

Nishas Restaurant Review February Note: I know literally nothing about food. I love food, but have very few nuanced opinions about it.   I mentioned this briefly in a previous blog post, but Ive been trying to see more of Boston and Cambridge this semester. My method of doing this has been going out to new01 and not just Les in Harvard Square or The Friendly Toast in Kendall, which are the only restaurants I used to go to before restaurants and bars with my friends. This month, I actually managed to rack up a LOT of new ~culinary experiences~, and Ive gotta say that going out to dinner with my friends has been a much more productive bonding experience than just sitting somewhere and psetting together for hours on end. So heres a list of restaurants/bars that I patronized this month theyre all excellent and I would highly recommend trying literally any of them out :) The Painted Burro This was where I went with my boyfriend to celebrate his return from GTL Israel over IAP! Its a cool Mexican place out in Davis Square02 Tufts has Davis Square, we have Kendall Square, and Harvard has Harvard Square because of course they do , which is pretty far out of the MIT bubble. We had *really* good margaritas and some truly fantastic tacos, and also got the added bonus of getting to watch the SuperBowl on the bar TV. Not that it was very interesting, though, because the Patriots03 GO PATS werent in it.   the bar + the superbowl The Mad Monkfish Mad Monkfish is an Asian fusion place that used to be called Thelonious Monkfish for whatever reason, and I havent been able to stop calling it that even though it changed its name like more than a year ago. It has amazing sushi combos as well as really solid Asian food. I got their tonkatsu and enjoyed it a lot. We also shared a GIANT glass of some sort of pineapple alcohol. Like actually giant. It was bigger than my head.   i was not kidding The Muddy Charles The Muddy is possibly my new favorite place on MIT campus. Its the grad student run pub in Walker Memorial, which means I can LITERALLY see it from my window. I go here all the time with all sorts of different groups of friends/coworkers. If I could compare it to anything, I would say its super similar to how The Three Broomsticks is described in the Harry Potter series, although the Muddy sadly doesnt have any butterbeer. They do have six dollar pitchers of beer, though :,) (I go to the Muddy all the time so I dont have any pictures of it because going there is barely an occasion anymore, oops lol) 5 Spices House 5 Spices is a pretty well known restaurant in Bostons Chinatown, but they have a location in Cambridge on Mass Ave now! My friends and I wandered in here by chance after discovering that the brunch place we had been trying to go to was closed, and we were not disappointed. The serving sizes are VERY large and the prices are very low.   Roxy’s A4CADE This is definitely my favorite place that Ive been to all month. Roxys is a (truly amazing) grilled cheese place by day, and turns into a barcade at night. I didnt play any of the arcade games because I am not good at them, but the vibe and the drinks are next level. 11/10 would go again at literally a moments notice. It does get super crowded later in the night, though, so definitely go early :) the simpsons and arcade games, literally a perfect place Little Big Diner Joon and I took the Green Line all the way to its farthest reaches to go here. Little Big Diner is located in Newton, a fairly affluent suburb of Boston, so the ramen here was pretty expensive, but we agreed that it was totally worth it. One thing we also noticed04 and were careful to only talk about in Japanese was that we were *literally* the only Asian people in the restaurant, including the cooks and the waiters. The ramen was amazing though :P a picture of joon taking a picture of ramen Shojo Shojo is a really cool fusion place in Chinatown that is known primarily for its HUGE whiskey collection, but also has amazing food. Joon recommended that I try the kimchi fried rice and it was a solid 13/10. I think the revisit value of Shojo is really high because there are tons of different entrees and none of them cost very much, so Ill definitely be going there again.   an ~aesthetic~ old fashioned The Peoples Republik This place is literally exactly what it sounds like: a Soviet Russia themed bar, lol. The drinks are really cheap05 probably because a lot of grad students live around Central Square and also really good. The decor is alsosomething else. Its very red. Go figure. my friends iphone 11 takes very aesthetic pictures of drinks Restaurant Week just started in Boston today, so Ill definitely be visiting more food places. Stay tuned for next months food blogging! and not just Le's in Harvard Square or The Friendly Toast in Kendall, which are the only restaurants I used to go to before back to text ? Tufts has Davis Square, we have Kendall Square, and Harvard has Harvard Square because of course they do back to text ? GO PATS back to text ? and were careful to only talk about in Japanese back to text ? probably because a lot of grad students live around Central Square back to text ?

Animal Cells and the Membrane-Bound Nucleus

Essay on Sail Away - 1308 Words

How many people are tired of vacationing in the same DRAB place? How many people are looking for some excitement, new experiences, and a chance to travel the world without depleting your life savings? Cruise ships have always been a luxurious get away from the daily CLUTTER of society. Since, the first transatlantic cruise in the 1900‘s, over 1 billion passengers have set sail for the high seas and half of those passengers are frequent ones. Today, I want to share the insider secrets to why cruising is the best vacation ever and only an experienced cruiser would know. I’m going to explain the ins and outs of planning a cruise and the shortcuts that could save you some hassles when planning the cruise of your dreams. First of all, the†¦show more content†¦Additionally, having a state issue ID is also important in proving your identity as well as your residency. You should always have your passport and an ID with you when going to foreign countries and planning a cruise. In order to even step aboard a cruise line you have to show \your state ID as well as your passport. Immigration is also a security issue all over the world. It would be an expensive mistake to misplace your passport and ID, because you can be detained in a foreign country. Secondly, some people assume in order to plan a luxurious cruise you need a travel agent, but truly all you need is a destination and internet. A rule of thumb is to start planning for a cruise six months in advance and collect as much knowledge and tips from websites that specializes in the cruise ship industry. The internet is a vast collection of information just waiting for you to access it. You don’t want to wait until the last minute to research, because that is when careless mistakes happen and your dream cruise should be spectacular. For this reason, you should access websites such as cruisecritic.com and cruise reviews.com. These website have pools of knowledge that could make your cru ise planning an easy endeavor instead of a confusing one. With information about which months are the best for cruising, to which tropical locations offer DAZZLING experiences, and to which places are experiencingShow MoreRelatedThe Old Man And The Sea1182 Words   |  5 Pages I keep them with precision. Only I have no luck anymore. But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.† â€Å"Nothing happened. The fish just moved away slowly and the old man could not raise him an inch. His line was strong and made for heavy fish and he held it against his hack until it was so taut that beads of water were jumping from it. Then it began to make a slow hissing sound in the water andRead MoreJessica Watsons True Spirit1545 Words   |  7 Pagesnot the only reason Jessica fell in love with sailing, it was also the people who had sailed before her. Kay Cottee has been a role model f or her since she started. Kay Cottee has made history in the world of sailing achievements--the first woman to sail around the world solo, unassisted and without stopping (Mundle 1). Cottee wanting to become the first woman to accomplish this must have been a steep uphill battle. Sailing has been a male dominant sport since the middle ages so Cottee is living proofRead MorePsysics Behind Changes in Planetary Orbit1395 Words   |  6 Pages597,890 km away from the Sun. To most this doesn’t sound like a simple task, not knowing the trick is using Earth’s orbit. An orbit is the gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example the path of a planet around the center of a star system, like in our Solar System (Encyclopedia). In order to change the orbit of a planet, one must consider the difference forces that can influence the planet’s orbit: direct contact, gravitational assistance, solar sails, and the possibleRead MoreUsing A Spinning Centrifuge On Earth1204 Words   |  5 Pagesbroken away to add extra speed in a vacuum. (Huzel, 1967) There are many theoretical ideas for propulsion in a vacuum like solar sails, magnetic sails, or microwave propulsion. Solar sails are the most funded and studied ideas of the three. A solar sail, or light sail uses the energy from photons emitted by the sun to create pressure acting on the sail that pushes the sail and accompanying payload. 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He and his family lived in Lisbon until 1485.at that time something tragic had happen to the family Mr. Columbus wife passed away. After she passed away Columbus decided to take his son Diego and move to Spain, he dearly missed his wife with no doubt in his mind so he chose to sail the western trade routes. Christopher believedRead MorePilgrims And Puritans883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pilgrims set sail because they wanted to explore, to make money, to teach and practice their religion, and to live in their own land. The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America to practice religious freedom. In the 1500s England seperated from the Roman Catholic Church and formed a new churchwhich was called the Church of England. .. Google why did the pilgrims set sail for america AllNewsImagesMapsMore SettingsTools SafeSearch on About 838,000 results (0.75 seconds) Search Results ThatsRead MoreIs Now Peasant Go Get Your Chocolaty Goodness?1021 Words   |  5 PagesANIKA! EVERY DAMN TIME! A male voice echoed the hallways. Sel s eyes met mine and we booked it to the entrance. The last thing I saw was a furious faced Gavin. In the car, we laughed our worries away. Sel was constantly switching the stations,honestly it was a shit loads of annoying. I slapped her hand away the dial spinning. What? An innocent tone replacing her snickering. Your Lucky I love you, you would be on the highway right now. Exiting the highway, we hit a red light. A familiar tuneRead MoreAn Analysis of Follower by Seamus Heaney Essay510 Words   |  3 Pagesstanza on the second line he has written: His shoulders globed like a full sail strung Between the shafts and the furrow This means that his father looks like a full sail strung from far because perhaps his shirt is being blown by the wind making him have the appearance of a full sail strung between the shafts and the furrow. 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Iso Standards and Tqm Free Essays

string(126) " product to meet most current applications allows  economies of scale  with  cost benefits  for both producers and consumers\." FOCUS ON TQM, EQM AND ISO INTRODUCTION Environment may be broadly understood to mean our surroundings. It can be divided into non-living and living components. The Environment provides resources which support life on the earth and which also help in the growth of a relationship of interchange between living organisms and the environment in which they live. We will write a custom essay sample on Iso Standards and Tqm or any similar topic only for you Order Now ISO †¢ What? ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world’s largest developer and publisher of International Standards. ISO is a non-governmental organization that forms a bridge between the public and private sectors. On the one hand, many of its member institutes are part of the governmental structure of their countries, or are mandated by their government. On the other hand, other members have their roots uniquely in the private sector, having been set up by national partnerships of industry associations. The organization’s logos in its two official languages, English and French, include the word ISO. The organization adopted ISO based on the Greek word isos ( ), meaning equal. This, in itself, reflects the aim of the organization: to equalize and standardize across cultures. HISTORY: ISO is the world largest standards developing organization. Founded on 23rd February, 1947, it has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Between 1947 and the present day, ISO has published more than 18  000 International Standards, ranging from standards for activities such as agriculture and construction, through mechanical engineering, to medical devices, to the newest information technology developme nts. ISO was born from the union of two organizations – the ISA (International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations). Established in New York in 1926, and the UNSCC (United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee), established in 1944 †¢ WHO CAN JOIN ISO? Membership of ISO  is open to national standards institutes most representative of standardization in their country (one member in each country). ISO has three membership categories: ? Member Bodies: They are national bodies that are considered to be the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have voting rights. ? Subscriber members: They are countries with small economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards. Participating members are called â€Å"P† members as opposed to observing members which are called â€Å"O† members. ? Correspondent members: They are countries that do not have their own standards organization. These members are informed about ISO’s work, but do not participate in standards promulgation. ISO is a network of the national standards institutes of 159 countries, out of the 203 total countries in the world, one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system. Some of the ISO members are : INDIA, US, HONDURAS, LESOTHO, MACAU, NAMIBIA. †¢ How ISO standards are developed ? ISO standards are developed according to the following principles. ? Consensus ? Industry wide ? Voluntary †¢ Why standards matter Standards make an enormous and positive contribution to most aspects of our lives. Standards ensure desirable characteristics of products and services such as ? Quality ? Environmental friendliness ? Safety ? Reliability ? Efficiency ? Interchangeability When products and services meet our expectations, we tend to take this for granted and be unaware of the role of standards. However, when standards are absent, we soon notice. We soon care when products turn out to be of poor quality, do not fit, are incompatible with equipment that we already have, are unreliable or dangerous. When products, systems, machinery and devices work well and safely, it is often because they meet standards. And  the organization responsible  for many thousands of the standards which benefit the world is  ISO. When standards are absent, we soon notice. What standards do? ISO standards ? make the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services  more efficient, safer and cleaner ? facilitate trade  between countries and make it  fairer ? provide governments with a technical base for  health, safety and environmental legislation, and conformity assessment ? share  technological advances and good management practice ? disseminateà ‚  innovation ? safeguard consumers, and users in general, of products and services ? make life simpler by providing  solutions  to common problems †¢ Who standards benefit ISO standards provide technological, economic and societal benefits. ? For  businesses, the widespread adoption of International Standards means that suppliers can develop and offer products and services meeting specifications that have wide international acceptance in their sectors. Therefore, businesses using International Standards can compete on many more markets around the world. ? For  innovators  of new technologies, International Standards on aspects like terminology, compatibility and safety speed up the dissemination of innovations and their development into manufacturable and marketable products. For  customers, the worldwide compatibility of technology which is achieved when products and services are based on International Standards gives them a  broad choice  of offers. They also benefit from the  effects of competition  among suppliers. For  consumers, conformity of products and services to International Standards provides assurance about their quality , safety and reliability. ? For  trade officials, International Standards create  Ã¢â‚¬Å"a level playing field†Ã‚  for all competitors on those markets. The existence of divergent national or regional standards can create technical barriers to trade. International Standards are the technical means by which political trade agreements can be put into practice. ? For  developing countries, International Standards that represent an international consensus on the state of the art are an important source of  technological know-how. By defining the characteristics that products and services will be expected to meet on export markets, International Standards give developing countries a basis for making the right decisions  when investing their scarce resources and thus avoid squandering them. For  everyone, International Standards contribute to the  quality of life  in general by ensuring that the transport, machinery and tools we use are safe. ? For  the planet  we inhabit, International Standards on air, water and soil quality, on emissions of gases and radiation and environmental aspects of products can contribute to efforts to  preserve the environment. †¢ Examples of the benefits standards provide ? solves the   repair and maintenance  problems caused by a lack of standardization that were once a major headache for manufacturers ? Standards establishing an international consensus n  terminology  make technology transfer easier and safer. ? Consensus on grades of various materials gives a  common reference  for suppliers and clients in business dealings. ? Agreement on a sufficient number of variations of a product to meet most current applications allows  economies of scale  with  cost benefits  for both producers and consumers. You read "Iso Standards and Tqm" in category "Papers" An example is the standardization of paper sizes. ? Standardization of  performance or safety requirements  of diverse equipment makes sure that users’ needs are met while allowing individual manufacturers the freedom to design their own solution on how to meet those needs. Standardized  computer protocols  allow products from different vendors to â€Å"talk† to each ot her. †¢ Advantages of ISO: ? Implementing ISO has following advantages: ? Create a more efficient, effective operation ? Increase customer satisfaction and retention ? Reduce audits ? Enhance marketing ? Improve employee motivation, awareness, and morale ? Promote international trade ? Increases profit ? Reduce waste and increases productivity The need for International Standards is very important as more organizations operate in the global economy by selling or buying products and services from sources outside their domestic market. Disadvantages of ISO ? Does not guarantee better quality ISO certification definitely does not automatically lead to better quality product. While it does encourage operations to think in terms of systems, it does not require them to be good. ? Focus on certification ? Frequent audits Full system audits every three years with annual surveillance audits. †¢ ISO 9000 ISO 9000 is a family of standards for quality management systems. ISO 9000 is m aintained by ISO and is administered by accreditation and certification bodies. The rules are updated, as the requirements motivate changes over time. Some of the requirements in ISO 9001:2008 include a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business; monitoring processes to ensure they are effective; keeping adequate records; checking output for defects, with appropriate and corrective action; regularly reviewing individual processes and the quality system itself for effectiveness; and facilitating continual improvement ISO 9001:2000 – What does it mean in the supply chain? ISO 9001:2000 is an international standard that gives requirements for an organization’s Quality Management System (â€Å"QMS†). The objective of ISO 9001:2000 is to provide a set of requirements that will provide confidence that the supplier can consistently provide goods and services that: ? Meet needs and expectations and ? Comply with applicable regulations How can you have confidence that your supplier meets ISO 9001:2000? There are various ways in which your supplier can claim that its QMS meets the requirements of ISO 9001:2000. These include: ? ‘Supplier’s declaration of conformity’: supplier’s internal audit system, or on second party or third party audits; Second party assessment: check if its QMS meets ISO 9001:2000 requirements and your own requirements – sometimes used in contractual â€Å"business-to-business† transactions; ? Third party assessment: (Often referred to as certification or registration) CASE STUDY KERALA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS),is a 450-bed multispecialty Hospital which has been awarded the I SO 9001:2000 certificate for a high-end cardiac cauterization laboratory, hi-tech operation theatres, a 24-hour emergency department, CT scan, facility for open heart surgery, blood bank, neurology and neuro-surgery departments. Quality and accreditation are prominent strategies adopted by KIMS to ensure world-class treatment at third-world prices. KIMS has acquired ISO 9001: 2000 certificate from BSI Group. †¢ ISO 12000: Plastics/rubber — Polymer dispersions and rubber (natural and synthetic) – Definitions and review of test methods †¢ ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 family addresses â€Å"Environmental management†. This means what the organization does to: ? minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities, and to ? Achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. The  ISO  14000  is a standard for  environmental management  systems that is applicable to any business. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is â€Å"to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations†. It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the best universal practices. The  ISO  14000  is a standard for  environmental management  systems that is applicable to any business, regardless of size, location or income. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The major objective of the ISO 14000 series of norms is â€Å"to promote more effective and efficient environmental management in organizations and  to provide useful and usable tools like cost effective, system-based, flexible tools that help organizations in gatherong environment related information. It offers source of guidance for introducing and adopting environmental management systems based on the best universal practices, in the same way that the ISO 9000 series on quality management systems represents a tool for technology transfer of the best available quality management practices The two major standards under ISO 14000 ? ISO 14001:2004 ? SO 14004:2004 Business benefits of ISO 14000 ? reduced cost of waste management ? savings in consumption of energy and materials ? lower distribution costs ? improved corporate image among regulators, customers and the public Framework for continual improvement of environmental performance. ? In the global economy CASE STUDY Copley Square Hotel A prominent hotel created an aggressive environmental program that provides a foundation for ISO 14001 registration. Energy Use Reduction: ? Energy efficient lighting was installed in public areas ? Install compact fluorescent bulbs in guest room table lamps , hanging lamps and back areas ? Remind employees to turn off all energy using devices that are not being used. Water Use Reduction: ? Installing toilets with 1. 5 gallon capacity, replacing ones with 3. gallon capacity will save $3,276 and 430,000 gallons annually. ? Showerheads of greater efficiency will save $6,546 and 859,000 gallons annually. ? Guest have been offered the option of reusing their towels and linens when staying more than one night. Comments Some of the reasons the program has been successful are: ? Everyone in the hotel participates in the program and can contribute from within their job responsibilities. ? Small savings are as important as big ones. CASE STUDY NOKIA ISO 14001 standard is used to control and manage the environmental aspects of Nokia’s production sites and large offices. Nokia has a corporate level ISO 14001 certificate in place for all manufacturing sites. †¢ What’s the difference between ISO 9001 and ISO 14001? ISO 9001 contains a set of requirements for implementing a  Quality  Management System and ISO 14001 for an  Environmental Management System ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 9001:2000 (the transition to ISO 9001:2008 is now taking place) is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance about the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations. ISO 14001:2004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. In the global economy ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 have become thoroughly integrated with the world economy. ISO 9001:2000 is now firmly established as the globally accepted standard for providing assurance about the quality of goods and services in supplier-customer relations. ISO 14001:2004 confirms its global relevance for organizations wishing to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. ISO 16000-1:2004 is intended to aid the planning of indoor pollution monitoring. Before a sampling strategy is devised for indoor air monitoring, it is necessary to clarify for what purposes, when, where, how often and over what periods of time monitoring is to be performed. The answers to these questions depend, in particular, on a number of special characteristics of the indoor environments, on the objective of the measurement and, finally, on the environment to be measured. ISO 16000-1:2004 deals with the significance of these factors and offers suggestions on how to develop a suitable sampling strategy. ISO 16000-1:2004 is applicable to indoor environments such as dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, do-it-yourself rooms, recreation rooms and cellars, kitchens and bathrooms; workrooms or work places in buildings which are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to air pollutants (for example, offices, sales premises); public buildings (for example hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sports halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theatres, cinemas and other function rooms), and also cabins of vehicles. †¢ Latest ISO(15270:2008) On Plastic Recycling Plastics – Guidelines for the recovery and recycling of plastics waste. The standard has been developed to assist all plastics industry stakeholders in the development of: ? A sustainable global infrastructure for plastics recovery and recycling Establishes the different options for the recovery of plastics waste arising from pre-consumer and post-consumer sources. The standard assists in the selection of methodologies and processes for the management of post-use plastics that may be approached using various strategies. ? A sustainable market for recovered plastics materials and their derived manufactured products. Plastics material for recovery may be obtained from various sources and the major markets for plastics are packaging, building and construction products, electrical and electronic products, automotive/transportation, and household/consumer items. ISO promotes role of International Standards in tackling climate change at COP15 ISO International Standards can help fight climate change by providing a basis for ensuring trust, integrity and effective management in the quantification, measurement and verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts, and practical tools for the development of energy efficiency and alternative energy sources. These messages were underlined by ISO at COP15, the 15th conference of the parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held on 7-18 December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. ISO Guide 64:2008 Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards It proposes a step-by-step approach, based on the principle of life-cycle analysis, in order to promote a reduction of potential adverse environmental impacts caused by products. The Guide is intended for use by all those involved in the drafting of product standards, encouraging them to: Identify and understand basic environmental aspects and impacts related to the product under consideration, ? Determine when it is possible and when it is not possible to deal with an environmental issue through a product standard. TQM †¢ What? †¢ an approach for continuously improving the quality of goods and services through the participation of all levels of organization, especially for the benefit of the customers â € ¢ COMPONENTS OF THE MODEL ? Quality Policy and Communication If an organization is to start implementing TQM, a sound quality policy is a fundamental requirement. The TQM foundation consists of strategic quality management, executive leadership and a continuous focus on consumer. This must be clearly stated, documented and communicated, as a quality policy to each and every employee of the organization in an easily understood language. The next step is to clearly define the key objectives and quality goals that must be achieved if the company has to realize its vision. ? Team Work and Participation From time to time, Indian industry has realized the importance of both Team Work and Participative Management. To institutionalize both the concept s of team work ad participation, Cross functional Management Teams, Quality Circles and Suggestion Systems have to be formed. This has indeed been done in organizations like THERMAX, ALFA LEVEL, NLC, BHEL, SAIL, MADRAS CEMENTS, MODI XEROX, and SONA STEERING SYSTEMS ? Problem solving Tools and Techniques One very common approach of problem solving is use of Deming Cycle, which is reproduced below: As shown in the cycle, the Planning Stage will primarily involve defining a Quality mission, getting the organization relevant data, and going in for experiments in quality. And when we do something (Stage Two), the effects or results are checked in stage three. Recognizing people and rewarding them and changing processes form the essential steps of stage four ? Standardization Standardization is a management tool for encouraging and securing optimum utilization o resources and maximum efficiency of operations through formal establishment of the most suitable, pre-determined, solutions and answers to recurring problems and needs. Technical specifications in design, procurement, production and control are company standards. Similarly, administrative specifications in supervision and management, which may deal with products, processes, methods, materials, parts, etc. , are also company standards. ? Design and implementation of Quality System Standardization can be attained through ISO-9000 certification. ISO -9000 is not product standard, but it is Quality Systems Standard. It is a practical standard for a Quality system. There are four Quality System Standards as shown in the table ? Quality costs and measurements Contrary to popular belief high quality is not high cost. If things are done right the first time, tremendous savings in cost can be obtained. Around 10 – 25 % of the sales revenue is being spent by manufacturing companies due to poor quality. Hence, calculating the cost of quality is a must. ? Quality audit and review It is conducted by people who have no direct responsibility for performance and is always an independent examination to compare given aspects of quality performance with standards or specifications. Hence, an internal quality system should be developed for addressing customer requirements and complaints as well as internal quality problems. Process Control If processes are controlled properly, deficiencies are not with product and process control gives feedback for initiating necessary action. ? Customer supplier integration Effective integration between customer and supplier identifies mutual needs and fulfilling expectations becomes easier. ? Education and training Today, Indian companies that have implemented TQM sp ends thousands of rupees in preparing employees and educating them on various aspects of quality improvement. †¢ Principles of TQM ? CUSTOMER FOCUSED ONLY customers determine the level of quality , what ever you do to foster quality   improvement , training employees , integrating quality into processes management , ONLY customers determine whether your effort were   worthwhile ? EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Removing fear from work place by providing the proper environment ? PROCESS CENTERED Fundamental part of TQM is to focus on Process thinking. ? INTEGRATED SYSTEM All employee must know business mission and vision, must monitor the process . an integrated business system may be modeled by     ISO 9000. ? STRATEGIC APPROACH Strategic plan must integrate quality as core component. CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT Using analytical and creative thinking in finding ways to become more effective. ? FACT BASED DECISION MAKING Decision making must be ONLY on data, not personal thinking or situational. ? COMMUNICATION Communication strategy, method and timeliness must be well defined. †¢ Chain Reaction of TQM ? Improve Quality ? Improve Produ ctivity ? Decrease costs ? Decrease prices ? Increase market ? Stay in Business ? Provide More jobs ? Return on investment †¢ Deming’s Fourteen Points ? Constancy of purpose ? Drive out fear ? Eliminate Exhortations ? Encourage education Institute training on the job ? Improve every process ? End â€Å"lowest tender† contracts ? The New philosophy ? Institute Leadership ? Cease dependence on inspection ? Break down barriers ? Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets ? Permit pride of workmanship ? Top management’s commitment †¢ IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF TQM : ? Customer-driven quality ? Top management leadership ? and commitment ? Continuous improvement ? Fast response ? Actions based on facts ? Employee participation ? A TQM culture. †¢ BENEFITS   OF   TQM : ? Increased pride of workmanship among individual   workers ? Increased   readiness Improved   sustainability ? Greater   mission   survivability ? Better   justification   for    budgets ? Streamlined   maintenance   and   production processes Many companies have difficulties in implementing TQM. Surveys by consulting firms have found that only 20 – 36 % of companies that have undertaken TQM have achieved either significant or even tangible improvements in quality, productivity, competitiveness or financial return. As a result many people are skeptical about TQM. However, when you look at successful companies you find a much higher percentage of successful TQM implementation. Why ISO 9000 Should Be a Company’s Guidepost, And Not TQM The ISO-9000 quality standard and total quality management (TQM) is both necessary for any organization to become world class. But ISO is far superior because it offers a set of guidelines for quality management and can stand alone, while TQM can not. The reasons are: ? While ISO-9000 is a clearly defined system, TQM is a philosophy ? ISO-9000 is preventive. TQM is remedial. ? TQM is aimed at identifying the causes of quality problems and eliminating them TQM is not quality management but process management —   the process of improvement. ISO-9000 is total quality management ? While ISO-9000 requires documentation and record keeping, there is no such requirement in TQM ? One of the greatest features of ISO-9000 is that it is self-policing EQM Various countries, 8 including India, have set up standards with specify the limit pf emission of various pollutants that are permitted in specific media i. e. air or water. They may take the firm of emission standards, or relate to the content of products in food, or phosphates in detergents. †¢ Environmental Quality Management includes : Management of Air Quality The air quality standards are prescribed by CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD. They provide quantitative limits within which the pollutants may be present in the environment. There are three types of standards ? Emission standards : they are the maximm tolerable level of a pollutant that are permissible to escape the chimney of an industry or the thermal power plant ? Immission standards : it specifies the ambient a ir quality i. e. the amount of various pollutants that are tolerable in space surrounding the source of generation Vehicular emission standards : they have been prescribed recently, it specifies the maximum tolerable limit of the various pollutants that are allowed to escape the exhaust of an automobile ? Management of water quality Water quality management involves multidisciplinary approach in which the required water quality is related to municipal, industrial and agricultural requirements. Water quality standards are based on two standards ? Stream standards: It is based on the beneficial uses of water which fixes the threshold value of specific pollutants permissible in the water required for various uses. As specified by Central Pollution Control Board in 1979. It states that drinking water should have a minimum of 6 mg/1 dissolved oxygen and a maximum of 2mg/1 of Biological oxygen demand. ? Effluent standards: They are based on the maximum concentration of a pollutant of maximum pollution load discharged into receiving water. In India under the Water Pollution Control Act enacted in 1974, effluent standards, based on the maximum concentration of a pollutant (mg/1) have been prescribed. ? Management of land It is essential to improve man quality to grow more and to meet the increasing demands for food and other essential agricultural items. Large scale use of fertilizers is not advisable. Chemical fertilizers can improve soil and land quality but they are costly. Various ways to improve land quality are ? Organic farming : organic fertilizers in the form of biomass not only provide nutrients to soil but also enrich humus content. Biomass is used as fuel in the form of dung cakes agricultural residues etc. ? Mixed cropping : under this leguminous and non-leguminous crops are grown together in the same area in a mixed pattern. It always the crop to derive nutrients from the soil. Use of helophytes : excessive irrigation leads to salinisation of soils rendering it useless for agriculture. Thus, special plants known as halophytes are grown, which are tolerant to salinity. These plants improve the soil condition. ? Ariel seeding : packets containing seeds along with little fertilizers are sprayed from aircrafts and they are left togrow undisturbed. This mproves the performance of degraded land ? Land use planning : for maint aining the land quality excessive irrigation should be avoided, proper avenues for drainage and mixed cropping should be practiced. The positive roles played in globalization by ISO’s standards for quality and environmental management systems include the following: ? a unifying base for global businesses and supply chains – such as the automotive and oil and gas sectors ? a technical support for regulation – as, for example, in the medical devices sector) ? a tool for major new economic players to increase their participation in global supply chains, in export trade and in business process outsourcing; ? a tool for regional integration –   as shown by their adoption by new or potential members of the European Union in the rise of services in the global economy – nearly 32  % of ISO 9001:2000 certificates and 29  % of ISO 14001:2004 certificates in 2007 went to organizations in the service sectors, and ? in the transfer of good practice to developing countries and transition economies Presented by : †¢ Aditya jhunjhunwala (09) †¢ Rashmi tigga (10) †¢ Sukanya gupta (11) †¢ Spriha agarwal (24) †¢ Rimika mittal (25) †¢ Shrutee parasramka (27) †¢ Niharika khaitan (31) †¢ Priyanka gupta (34) †¢ Srimoyee dasgupta (45) †¢ Bhumika kotecha (48) †¢ Neha malpani (59) How to cite Iso Standards and Tqm, Papers

Implementation of PMO

Question: Evaluating the the implementation and benefits of a Project Management Office? Answer: Executive Summary This paper is written with an aim to understand the benefits as well as implementation PMO so that these can be evaluated and lessons can be learnt on best practices. The results of this research would primarily help an organization planning to adopt or implement PMO in the organization as it would cover the basic building blocks of the practice as well as discusses some cases to illustrate the process of implementation, its effects on the organization and on the realization of benefits against projects which is the main goal of any Project management Office. To fulfil these aims, the paper has discussed the fundamentals of project management office, explored its dimensions including focus, operational modes and maturity that are important to understand as it would establish a basis for selection of project management office structure. Further, the paper discusses the implementation process of PMO and illustrates the same with a case study of an organization in which PMO has been implemented successfully. The cases are used for evaluating the process of implementation of PMO as well as the benefits obtained from the same after implementation. The insights obtained from the case are discussed for bringing for the lessons as well as recommendations is made for using best practices for implementation of the project management office. Introduction Project is a temporary endeavour, which has definite start, definite end, and specific goals or benefits to be achieved or realized on completion. Project Management involves planning, organizing, resource management and managing security of projects. Project Management Office is a department within an organization that manages and controls project based activities of the organization. PMOs standardize project management methods based on Project Management principles in order to achieve benefits for the organization. PMO guides the organization through management of various projects, and provides required documents as well as performance metrics. During recession, companies have faced many challenges that made achieving benefits from projects very important. History has shown several failed projects that have lead to huge losses. Thus, there is an increase urgency to use project management methods for making projects successful, as failing projects are no more accepted. The failed projects are also required to be studied to learn lessons. Project Management Office makes all this possible in an organized and standardized way which makes it uncomplicated to adopt project management practices to achieve benefits from projects. In 2000, there were only 47% of US organizations that had Project Management Office for managing projects but this figure has increased significantly to 84% by 2010 which showing the increasing importance and adoption of PMO across organizations. To realize the key aim that is to get significant benefits out of projects, the PMO must be implemented as well as worked out properly. Thus, this dissertation focuses on benefits of the PMO and how they can be realized in practice as well as on the implementation process of PMO. For new companies adopting PMO, this paper can serve as a guide to using best practices for implementation of PMO so that the results could be appreciable when the PMO starts to act on projects in the organization. Literature review The increasing importance of PMO is recent years has lead to development of different types of PMOs that are established by organizations. These include departmental PMOs, special purpose PMO, supplier PMO, external PMO, and Enterprise PMOs. Internal and external PMOs manage specific parts of organizational commitments such as service and support are managed by external PMO that directly deals with customers while internal PMOs manage self-improvements within the organization. Most organizations use departmental PMOs that have internally focused and which consist of small group of manager working on specific types of projects. However, such type of PMO has its limitations especially when resources have to be accessed from outside the department. Thus, an Enterprise PMO may used for overcoming these drawbacks. An enterprise PMO would have both internal and external PMO responsibilities and work across organization for managing resources and project deliveries. The focus of PMOs that can be internal or external makes only one dimension of PMO, others include operational modes that can be supportive, controlling, directive or blended with all three models combined, and maturity of PMO which can be ad hoc, defined, controlled, measured or optimized. All these dimensions are important to understand as they can be taken into consideration while establishing a PMO in an organization (Taylor, 2011). Structure of a PMO Figure 1: Project Organization Chart A project organization includes creation of project structure, implementation of that structure and application of it. Project organization structure includes project managers connected with formal relationships, project beneficiaries and stakeholders. The structure must be simplified and allow effective interactions. It should not be very loose or even very tight and must provide a formal environment that influences project team to perform their duties in best way with collaboration assisting them. This collaboration should be made cost effective such that there is no or least duplication any work or task. While designing a project management office structure, specializations and coordination needs have to be considered. A project may require a specific specialization or a mix of capabilities from different specializations. Thus, on every project, the goals can vary and thus, a different structure may be required for managing a project, which presents a challenge while establishing a PMO structure. Further, the goals of a project are divided into tasks for specific components of the project and these tasks are listed in a Work Break Down Structure. A project manage has to ensure that these project components are integrated the right way to achieve goals of a project. Thus, based on the project goals, components may vary and thus, the organization structure requirement would also vary. Thus, in order to establish an effective PMO structure, it has to be made flexible enough to be modified for different projects based on project goals, components and tasks. Various types of PMO structures can be programme based, matrix based or project based. Program Based PMO In program based PMO's, project teams are created by including employees from same area. This structure has clear line of authority and in case of big projects a team does not need to use resources from other departments or project team. However, all team members included may not have all required expertise for specific projects if they require speciality resources. Moreover, several members of the team may not be working on some projects for full time, as they would be involved with other projects as well. This can affect their capabilities to complete work on time. Matrix based PMO Matrix based organizations have staff with specific technical competencies and the can be sourced on the basis of specific project requirements. In such an organization, people could be working on multiple projects and reporting to multiple project managers for each of those projects. This structure provides efficient resource utilization including specialist skills that cannot be used full time on projects. It is very flexible to changing needs of projects. For instance, one unit manager can source a staff member from another unit manager without the need of making a permanent change in the organization structure. Moreover, team members can easily share information across organization as well as can learn specific skills related to different specialization allowing them to grow in the company. However, this structure is very complex when concerning reporting. Team members are required to have very strong time management skills to be able to handle multiple projects and report to multiple managers. A very strong coordination is required between all programmatic unit managers as well as project managers. While managing projects in such organization, it becomes very difficult for project managers to complete projects, as they have to satisfy more than one programmatic managers who may be having different objectives and priorities. Project based PMO These types of organizations are usually practiced in large projects that can afford an organization structure with duplication of tasks. However, in such a organization, resources are not utilized cost efficiently as they would be working dedicatedly working on projects full time even when they are not required full time. As project team members would be absorbed on specific projects even after they are not required, they cannot be taken on other projects which limits their learning and professional development. Another concern is that there is duplication of resources and after every project completion, resources have to be reallocated. Mixed Structure Mixed structure is formed out of the three different structures such that different requirements of different projects can be easily accommodated and benefits of all the three structures including program, matrix and project can be realized. For instance, a small project requiring limited resources can take people for part-time from other units while a large project can source members for full time from the project based structure(Diaz, 2007). Responsibilities of a PMO Key responsibilities of PMO include use of project management practice, development of project management methodology, training and certifications management, resource management, project reporting, coaching, mentoring, supporting, quality control, financial monitoring and support, project selection and decision making. Stakeholders Management Stakeholders are people, groups or entities that are affected by the success and failure of an action or those who affect the performance of an action which in the case of project management office is leadership of the PMO. Thus, stakeholder management is an important task for any project driven organization. Various stakeholders of PMO include board members, executive team of project organization, business leaders, operation managers, project sponsors, partners, customers and the leader of PMO. To manage stakeholders, PMOs can use the basic process of stakeholder management, which involves stakeholder identification, analysis, creation of influence maps or stakeholder matrix, stakeholder engagement and maintaining of communication flow with stakeholders. The different types of PMO structure provide a platform and a platform to decide which PMO structure in which scenario i.e. for specific project matrix based PMO is a good option whereas project based PMO is a better option for large projects. Implementation Any new implementation in an organization is always aimed at improving something's or addressing a pain or a gap, it applies to the implementation of PMO. Thus, the initial step of planning a PMO would include identification of issues that are to be resolved or the benefits that are sought. For instance, a PMOs may be set up for addressing issues like low quality of deliverables, budget overruns, and so on or for gaining a benefit of avoiding lost opportunities. These issues or benefits have be assessed by recording them and analysing the experiences of the organization against them. In this stage, it is also important to talk to stakeholders, and take their inputs to finalize the assessment. A proper way of assessing these benefits or issues would be quantification of their impacts. After assessment is done, next step would be to develop benefits statements for the PMO, which would set a growth plan for the PMO in the organization. This benefit statement can cover different aspects for improvement including people, process, and promotion, performance, and project management information system. For instance, some benefits that a PMO would bring to these elements of the project organization could be: People: Train people on project management, build teams, conduct inductions or assess performances. Process: Develop methodology, incorporate certification programs, establish quality assurance process or assess process performance. Performance: Project profiling, dashboard creation, KPI development, business scorecard creation or managing funds for ROI. Based on the benefits sought, a benefit statement could include "Bettering performance by making timely deliveries" if project aspect is considered or "Improve efficiency of projects by standardizing methods and operations used" if business aspect is considered. Other examples of benefit statements include higher resource utilization by improving allocation of resources and capacity planning, improving prioritization of works by setting realistic insights, improving project status reporting by making it fast and accurate, improving customer satisfaction by ensuring that project deliverables meet customer expectations, etc. Before finalizing the benefits statement, project leaders must also seek views of stakeholders and only after their approval should the statement be sealed. After the benefits statement is known, the next step is to decide on the type and model of the PMO for which the three key dimensions of PMO including focus, operational modes and maturity have to be explored. Once the basic structure to be used for PMO is decided, an evolution plan has to be created for development of PMO. This plan starts at the department level and expands gradually to scale up to the enterprise in future after gaining experience and having a track record of successful project completions. Case study: Arcelik RD Arcelik was an RD Centre that had Research and Development Units in multiple locations for certain products including washing machines, dishwashers, refrigerator, coolants, dryers, compressors, televisions and monitors. The organization had 22,000 employees and production plants in 14 different locations across five countries including China, Turkey, Romania, Russia and South Africa. At global level, their sales and marketing groups were spread across 20 countries for managing 10 brands of the company including Arelik, Beko, Grundig, Blomberg, ElektraBregenz, Arctic, Leisure, Flavel, Defy and Altus. The PMO was established in manufacturing locations of the organization in 1997, with aim to monitor multiple projects simultaneously. There was a central RD PMO that was used as an excellence centre, which shared their knowledge with plant PMOs. The PMO was established in the organization through four key phases. In the first phase, a project management software was installed at the central RD PMO, which was established in the head office of the company. In second phase, an assessment was done on the organizational employees against their awareness about project management. Those who did not have the required knowledge have to be trained on project management practices. In this phase, the project management software was also implemented in number of plant locations. This assessment included study of different dimensions of Project Management including: Project Management elements like time, resources, budget, risk, change and knowledge. Project Management Maturity aspects such as Project Management Methodology, software usage, coaching, planning, controlling and reporting. Further, best practices for project management were communicated to different groups. These practices included internalization of project management methodology, project review meetings, organization wide use of standard project templates and stage gate implementation. The result of the assessment was a discovery of areas for improvement and these were project leader trainings, change management, and performance evaluation. In the third phase, the process of establishment was coordinated and project management was initiated by all production as well as technical groups. The project management process that was to be followed according to the software installed was assessed and integration was carried out with other existing tools and processes. This involved establishing of a standard for project life cycle for all projects at Arcelik. In the last phase, all projects were properly defined and project leader as well as project team members were trained on project reporting through the project management software installed. Data collection and analysis Justifying case study The case was chosen as the goal of establishing the PMO was very clear as they wanted to monitor their projects that were carried out at multiple locations, from a central place. Another reason for choosing this case was that the organization was large and was project driven. Thus, the need for establishing project management office was prominent. Moreover, the PMO implementation process was carried out in a very organized manner in the company. Moreover, the researcher could extract clear learning from the case study where project management principles could be applied for understanding the situations. After the PMO was established and was successfully ran, by 2012, some improvements were observed in the company including improvements in 30% of the projects managed and development of new projects that added 30% to the total count of 900 projects in the year. 20% of project successfully completed were on technology development and 20% were investment related (Crawford, 2001). Research method The proposed paper will make use of sample which is composed of firms existing within the same corporate. along with this, a cross sectional design will be used. the survey consists of a questionnaire having questions framed out from the identified factors. It is an online based set of questions with 15 close ended questions on every factor. It was developed using IBM SPSS base software. The survey chosen is a self-administered because of low costs and easily maintenance. Articles were not used for examination because of cost involved and contradictory results achieved from them. since firms involved are present at different locations so the online survey will greatly reduce the time, effort and cost involved in getting the response by the researcher. Though it has a plus point of cost-effective but it comes with a weakness which cannot be ignored. It will require internet connectivity which is still an issue in developing countries. Also the resources which are going to take this su rvey should have computer skills in order to carry out the survey properly. Key findings from Case Study Some key learning obtained from the evaluation of the PMO implementation at Arcelik were: PMO requires a significant change in the working culture of the organization and thus, it takes a lot of time to carry out these changes. Coaching and mentoring were very important in working of PMO. Moreover, regular meetings between team members at each project office were required. PMO primarily worked on the people aspect and involved convincing of all stakeholders, failing which PMO would not have flourished in the organization. Support from the upper management was crucial and thus, regular meetings were to be held between them and project leaders. Initially, a pilot has to be started for project and the projects must be completed in a step-by-step manner, as it would make the process simpler and faster. Proper integration with other processes was important and time consuming. As a result, roadmaps and long term plans were required to be made for integration. Managing project complexity One primary task of PMO is to manage complexities of the project such that the project is completed on time and within budget as well as gives all the deliverables promised. Thus, understanding how complexities can be managed on projects is crucial. For this, an understanding of the complexity in terms of project would be required. Complexity is one important dimension in project management, as complex projects need strong management. Complexity can be explained in terms of differentiation that is presence of number of elements such as tasks, components and specialists, and in terms of connectivity that is the degree of relationships between these elements(Austin, Newton, Steele, Waskett, 2002). Differentiation can be vertical caused by a large set of hierarchies or horizontal resulting from multiple number of organizational units or task structures. Connections in these elements can be explained by interdependencies between organizational units resulting into high level of complexity. Complexity is managed by proper integration, which involves creation of coordination and communication between different elements of complexity as well as establishing of control over these interdependent components(Baccarini, 1996). Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is one of the crucial domains of the success of any organization and thus, it becomes important to study the level of importance it carries in the project management which involves management of multiple resources out of which human resource is one. Administrative functions of an organization are important in the success of the project and thus, human resource management on a project must be efficiently carried out by PMOs(Belout Gauvreau, 2004). For managing HRM on projects, certain key processes are involved. These include Recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisals, and deployment of employee compensation system. Key implications Implementation of PMO can have significant effects on an organization such as: The working culture of the organization changes drastically as people have to learn to adopt project management principles and practices The levels of monitoring increase as the PMO would be keeping check on the progress of projects. This could appear to be a little binding for project managers but for the organization, it can be considered as an efficient way of working as it could lead to transparency in setting responsibilities. As the organized project management practices are deployed in organizations adopting PMOs, the number of projects that complete within allotted time frame and within budget would increase, as these are the focus of PMOs. Training would become crucial in the organization, as project management practices require understanding of methodologies, standards as well as related technologies. Initial adoption of project management practices could appear complicated as lot of learning would be required but in the long run, processes would be simplified, improved and would become faster. As PMOs integrate both older and new processes, the organization would be able to stand as a single uncomplicated entity where everyone and every process would be connected in some way. PMOs would practice standardization at the organizational level and thus, everyone in the organization would be able to use standard processes, methodologies and documentations which would improve efficiencies by saving on time that would otherwise be wasted in developing processes, methodologies and documents for individual projects. PMOs would not only manage existing projects but would also create a learning repository based on previous projects which would allow project teams to learn from past projects such that mistakes could be avoided in future projects as well as best practices could be used repeatedly for success. Conclusions This paper was concentrated on understanding of the process of implementation of a project management office and evaluation of its efficiency in terms of gaining benefits for a project driven organization. It covered fundamental concepts of project management office, it dimensions and implementation process. It also explained different types of project management organization structures including program based PMO, matrix based PMO and project based PMO. It was found that many organizations practiced a structure, which is a mix of these three types of organizations and thus can utilize the benefits of all while avoiding loopholes. For practical understanding of the implementation of PMO, a case study of a multinational organization was taken which gave some practical learning such as: Training is crucial in a project oriented organization; PMO implementation requires change of the working culture of an organization which cannot be carried out in short time but requires significant time for adoption, etc. Two key functions of PMO including management of complexities and human resource management were also discussed and it was found that integration was the key to managing complexities while HRM on project required certain practices to be followed such as Recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisals, and deployment of employee compensation system. Lastly, the implications of deploying a PMO in an organization, which is new to project management practice, were summarized. It required an organization to understand the project management principles, train their employees on the same, create documentations for new processes and integrate new processes with old processes for smooth functioning of the organization managing projects. Team members should also record project progress, issues and learning in central project repository to allow members of future projects to use these learning to enable best practices as well as avoid mistakes in future. References Polat, M., MeydanlÄ ±, Ä °. Ä °. (2013). Case study: project management office implementation in a multilocation. Picmet. Austin, S., Newton, A., Steele, J., Waskett, P. (2002). Modelling and managing project complexity. International Journal of Project Management , 20, 193-198. Baccarini, D. (1996). The concept of project complexity : A Review. International Journal of Project Management , 14 (4), 201-204. Belout, A., Gauvreau, C. (2004). 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